JSS1,TOPIC 3: WORKSHOP SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS/ACCIDENT.

Definition: A workshop is a building or area where engineering work is carried out. An industrial workshop must meet certain standard for approval before they can function as an engineering workshop.

 Workshop Layout (What is needed in a Workshop).
In a workshop, the following layout should be strictly maintained:
(i). Uncongested working area.
(ii). Adequate ventilation and lighting.
(iii). Safe storage for tools and stacking of materials.
(iv). A clear gang way.
(v). Provision of toilets, dressing room and bathroom.

Accident:  Accident can be defined as an unexpected occurrence that may lead to either injury or death or damage to a machine.

Causes of Accident in the Workshop
1. Lack of provision of safety devices.
2. Failure to use safety devices.
3. Use of damaged tools and machines.
4. Carelessness in the workshop by students.
5. Loss of concentration due to tiredness.
6. Over congestion of working area.
7. Inadequate lighting and congestion.

Types of Accident
 1.Gas Leakage: Inhaling of leaking gas like carbon monoxide fumes and any carbon compound can kill.
2. Injury from cuts: This happens when sharp edged tools are badly applied when working.
3. Fire:  There are two types of fire to be considered. Electrical fire and Chemical fire.
(a). Electrical Fire: This occurs as a result of electrical sparks and overloading of a circuit leading to heat.
(b). Chemical Fire: When there is an oil spillage, the risk of fire is high.

Accident Preventive Techniques
(a). Always work under the supervision of an instructor.
(b). Observe all safety rules.
(c). Always use safety devices.
(d). Sand buckets and fire extinguishers must be placed in position to arrest any fire outbreak.

Safety
Safety can be defined as the method of working without harm, danger or injury. It is the removal of hazards to both man and machines.
Safety Devices
All safety devices are generally referred to as ‘ Personal Protective Equipment’ (PPE). These PPEs include the following:
1. Goggle and Eyelids: These equipment protect the eyes during welding  and grinding operations.
2. Lab coats and Boots: Students and teacher are expected to change into these attires before starting work at the workshop. The boot protects against any sharp object on the floor.
3. Helmet: This device is needed where heavy machines  are suspended. This is a must in all construction companies.
4. Sand bucket: This is used to handle fire outbreak in the absence of fire extinguisher.
5.  Nose cap: This is the device that protects against dust  and fumes in the workshop.
 6. First Aid Box: In the workshop, a first aid box must be present in an event that  an  accident  does occur, for minor injuries.

                                                 Safety Rules and Regulations

Safety Rules for Machine Users.
1. Do not play with the switches of a machine.
2. Ensure that the working environment is well lighted and ventilated.
3. Do not operate any machine you don’t have knowledge about.
4. Do not be allowed to be distracted while operating a machine.
5. Always switch off machines after use and remove them from the socket after use.
6. The workshop floor should not be littered with dangerous objects.

Safety Rules for Bench Users.

1.Do not use files or chisels without handles.
2. Learn to use tools in the proper way and keep them in a safe place.
3. When using the bench vice there should be no horseplay.
4. Wear protective shoes with toe cover.
5. Wear goggle or eyelids while filing, cutting and welding.
6. Do not carry any sharp object in your pockets.
7. Do not wear overflowing garments, bangles and chains in the workshop.
8. Do not wear neck ties while working on the bench or any machine.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

(i). How would you define a workshop?
(ii). In your opinion, what makes a workshop a standard workshop?
(iii). Define accident.
(iv). State four rules that bench users must strictly follow in the workshop.
(v). State three rules you will take to avoid accident when working with a machine.

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