JSS 3. TOPIC 9: FLOORS AND ROOFS.

Floor may be defined as a continuous horizontal platform constructed between walls to support any load- both human and materials.
                                                            Types of Floors
There are basically three types of floors, namely:
(i). Solid(basement) Floors: This is a type of floor that consists of concrete but may be finished with a smooth surface like cement screed, laid with tiles or terrazo. Eg.

(ii).Suspended Floors: This is a kind of floor that consists of wood, which are nailed over solid lengths of timber. The ends  are usually supported by the main walls of the building. The solid timber that supports this type of floor a re known as joists. Eg.



(iii). Upper Reinforced Floors: These are solid floors containing reinforcements like sand, concrete, cement, water, and steel. These are the type of floors used in decking storey buildings.

Floor may be defined as a continuous horizontal platform constructed between walls to support any load- both human and materials.
                                

                                                          Roofs
Roof is defined as a covering over buildings that may serve the following purposes:
 (i). protect the occupants from any harsh weather;
(ii). beautify a building;
(iii). to secure buildings.
                                                          Materials used for making Roof
(i). Clay tiles (ceramics).
(ii). Corrugated iron sheets.
(iii). Asbestos sheets
(iv). Aluminum span sheets
(v). Plastic sheets (usually for light)
(vi). Palm fronds.

                                               Types of Roofs
(i). Shed roof or Lean-to roof: These are small-sized roofs used for kiosks, shops and boys quarters. Some are  constructed resting on walls, hence they are referred to as lean-to. Eg.

(ii). Gable or Collar roof: This is a type of roof that contains two sloping faces with the walls rising into the r oof at two opposite ends. It is the commonest type of roof in Nigeria. Eg.

(iii).Hipped roof: This type of roof slopes down all four sides. The walls also rises into the roof on all four sides. This roof is steeper than the gable roofs. Eg.

(iv). Butterfly roof: This type of roof is used for buildings with large spans. It is sometimes called double shed ro9of, since it looks almost like one, but only bigger.eg.

(v). Combination roof: These are asymmetrical roofs used for most school buildings where one face slopes steeper than the other. The greater slope covers the rooms while the shorter slope covers the walkway. Eg.

(vi). Monitor roof: This is a type of roof used for factories and warehouses. It usually contains two surfaces at different levels, where light is let into the building.eg.

(vii). Half-monitor roof: This roof looks like the monitor roof. The only difference is that in this  type of roof, one surface is lowered than the other. Openings are fixed where light is also let into the building in this type of roof. Eg.

(viii). Arched roof: This type of roof has a rounded or curved  shape like an arc. It is also used for buildings with large spans, such as for filling stations, warehouses, etc. eg.

(ix). Flat roof: These are roofs made of concrete castings (like slabs). Drainages are provided through plastic pipes from the roof.

(x). Mansard roof: These are roofs that contain double slopes on all four sides. This type of roof is gradually being outdated.  

Examples of Roofs:

Arc Roof.

Class Work.
(i). define a roof.
(ii). list four materials used for making roofs.
(iii). list five types of roofs.


DownLoad Our FREE Materials Here